{"id":2983,"date":"2024-05-08T13:06:09","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dtklawfirm.gr\/2024-k-karatsolis-e-koloventzou-sustainability-and-carrying-capacity-in-planning-principle-or-concept-published-in-the-magazine-lawyer-the-business-magazine\/"},"modified":"2026-07-24T11:25:22","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T08:25:22","slug":"2024-k-karatsolis-e-koloventzou-sustainability-and-carrying-capacity-in-planning-principle-or-concept-published-in-the-magazine-lawyer-the-business-magazine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dtklawfirm.gr\/en\/2024-k-karatsolis-e-koloventzou-sustainability-and-carrying-capacity-in-planning-principle-or-concept-published-in-the-magazine-lawyer-the-business-magazine\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Sustainability and Carrying Capacity in Planning: Principle or Concept?&#8221; Published in the magazine LAWYER | The Business Magazine."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The principle of Sustainability \u2013 Legislation and Case-Law (2010-2024)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the field of Urban Planning and Environmental Law, we are living through a period in the history of the country (2010-2024) that is distinguished, on the one hand, by numerous legislative initiatives and, on the other, by the issuance of numerous decisions of the Council of State that shape a strong trend towards reducing the phenomenon of unregulated building in the out-of-plan area, protecting the environment and safeguarding the natural and cultural heritage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indeed, especially over the last 15 years, if one codifies the entire body of legislation surrounding these issues of urban planning, spatial planning and the environment, one will find the enactment of more than 15 initiatives deemed significant by the legislator, in whose explanatory reports the need for urban-planning reform and change is described, with the aim of sustainability and environmental protection. We mention in particular the enactment of Laws 4030\/2011, 3937\/2011, 4178\/2013, 4447\/2016, 4467\/2017, 4685\/2020, 4964\/2022 and the recent Law 5037\/2023, as well as the latest law of 2024, &#8220;Provisions for addressing the multi-level impacts of climate change in the sectors of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) water management,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b) the management and protection of forests,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(c) urban resilience and policy,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) combating unauthorised building,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e) energy security&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A further question arises: Have the legislative initiatives \u2013 whose rationale and reasoning aim at urban-planning reform \u2013 produced the desired results? The truth is that a continuous, inherent concern is discernible both in the formal legislator and in the practitioner of law and among citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, historically, while we attempt to remedy gaps of the past through legislative initiatives and to incorporate the case-law of the Council of State, in the European area significant and exceptional changes are taking place that move and set the bar even higher in relation to our own prospects and reforms. With the European Green Deal as a beacon, the new field of &#8220;Sustainability Law&#8221; is being shaped, and specialisations of legal science are developing rapidly (Natural Resources \u2013 Protection of Nature, Circular Economy, Climate Protection \u2013 Energy Neutrality \u2013 Urban Sustainability, mobility, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, sustainability and resilience reports (legal sustainability reports) are being incorporated into the field of legal studies and audits, and sustainability law is said to be shaping a broader branch of law than the traditional field of Environmental Law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this light and under this historical condition, as analysed, the contemporary lawyer is called upon to provide answers to the question: &#8220;How can national law play a substantive role in the implementation of the European developments for sustainability?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The specific issue of &#8220;carrying capacity&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the explicit legislative formulation of the definition of Carrying Capacity (C.C.) is extremely recent, the Council of State had already, since the 1990s, invoked this concept either when ruling on applications for annulment of decisions or when issuing processing minutes (PM) on draft Presidential Decrees in the exercise of its administrative competences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The concept of C.C. has, among other things, been defined as the finite capacity and endurance of ecosystems and of anthropogenic systems, such that no serious deterioration of them occurs. Its determination requires the joint consideration of parameters of the triptych society, economy, environment, and does not depend solely on measurable quantitative data (technical, economic, scientific), but also on a broad range of qualitative factors connected with cultural values, traditions and the physiognomy of the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In an attempt to delimit the concept of C.C., paragraph 1 of Article 64 of the recent Law 4964\/2022 provided its legislative definition as follows: &#8220;The Carrying Capacity (C.C.) of a spatial system means the maximum tolerable limits of burdens and\/or changes in the conditions prevailing therein, beyond which there ceases to be a balance between the natural environment, the economy and the society that lives in it, with the result that excessive or irreversible damage is caused to the natural environment and negative pressures are exerted on the anthropogenic environment and on society&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Incorporation of new principles and trends into planning and into Law<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A dominant conclusion from the above data is that, beyond the more general &#8220;weight&#8221; of urban-planning changes and reforms, we must incorporate new legal concepts and new fields of specialisation and, clearly, redefine the requirements of legal audits and reports in light of the significant legal developments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first major field for incorporating the changes is planning, and in particular the programme currently under way concerning hundreds of Local and Special Urban Plans being drawn up for almost the entire country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Issues such as the incorporation into our domestic law and planning procedures of mandatory sustainability and resilience reports \u2013 at least for plans or programmes \u2013 as well as the legal assessment and integration into planning of the principles of carrying capacity, will engage us as prerequisites in the next historical period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entering this new historical cycle, which apparently binds us (a) to restore legal certainty in accordance with the decisions of the Council of State and (b) to study new international legal trends, so as to follow the course of the European Green Deal, we consider that the challenge is not merely a part of legal science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The new international legal trends, as well as the case-law of the Council of State, highlight the necessity not only of processing \u2013 creating and following the laws per se, but, much more, of creating an &#8220;attitude&#8221; \u2013 a mindset and culture \u2013 so that all our actions, our undertakings and the incorporations into our law are governed by coherence and a common objective. The establishment of legal tools (sustainability reports, the assessment of the incorporation of carrying-capacity principles into planning) will assist this progress, so that from the notion of obligation and &#8220;principle&#8221; we may be led to the notion of common understanding and goal-setting for sustainability. To the notion of &#8220;mindset&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The principle of Sustainability \u2013 Legislation and Case-Law (2010-2024) In the field of Urban Planning and Environmental Law, we are living through a period in the history of the country (2010-2024) that is distinguished, on the one hand, by numerous legislative initiatives and, on the other, by the issuance of numerous decisions of the Council [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[90,88],"class_list":["post-2983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","tag-eva-koloventzou","tag-konstantinos-karatsolis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Sustainability and Carrying Capacity in Planning: Principle or Concept?&quot; 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